基于SCHISM的中国近海潮汐二维数值模拟-海洋预报

基于SCHISM的中国近海潮汐二维数值模拟

单位：1. 国家海洋环境预报中心, 北京 100081;
2. 国家海洋环境预报中心自然资源部海洋灾害预报技术重点实验室, 北京 100081

分类号：P731.23

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2024·41·第五期（1-14）

摘要：

基于非结构半隐式跨尺度海洋模式SCHISM构建了中国及临近海域的二维潮汐模型，针对多源资料开展了模型验证工作并进行系列数值实验。经潮汐调和分析得到M₂、S₂、K₁、O₁的调和常数和对应同潮图，并将无潮点位置同前人研究结果进行比较，与沿海114个验潮站和FES2014潮汐模型的调和常数进行验证，并与部分现场实测水位序列进行对比，结果表明该模型能较好地模拟中国海域的潮汐特征。本文还定量评估了自吸-负荷潮对数值模拟的影响，其中M₂分潮受其影响最大，其振幅在浙闽一带可达20 mm以上；提升区域分辨率与添加浅水分潮等敏感性实验结果表明，当局地分辨率由3 km提升至100 m后，模拟精度可提高约30%，而添加浅水分潮后，部分区域的模拟精度最大可提高约8%。

Based on the Semi-implicit Cross-scale Hydroscience Integrated System Model (SCHISM), a series of numerical experiments are carried out with multi-source data. Using tidal harmonic analysis method, the harmonic constants for four constituents (M₂, S₂, K₁, and O₁), and their relative cotidal charts are generated. The location of the no-tide point is compared with previous studies. The results obtained through the comparison against harmonic constants from 114 tide gauge stations and the FES2014 tidal model suggest that the tidal model can effectively simulate tidal characteristics in the China seas. Moreover, the influence of self-attraction loading (SAL) tides on tidal simulation is further quantitatively examined, the findings demonstrate that the SAL effect significantly influences the M₂ component tide, resulting in an amplitude impact exceeding 20 mm in both the Zhejiang and Fujian regions. In addition, this study includes sensitive experiments investigating the effects of altering resolution and incorporating shallow water constituents by validating the model using three tide gauge stations near Dongtou District in Wenzhou. It’s found that improving model resolution from 3 km to 100 m can enhance simulation accuracy by approximately 30%, whereas the inclusion of shallow water constituents only results in an improvement of up to about 8% in certain areas.

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