浮标海面风资料的质量控制及中国近海风的基本特征分析-海洋预报

浮标海面风资料的质量控制及中国近海风的基本特征分析

单位：国家气候中心, 北京 100081

分类号：P732.1

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2025·42·第四期（26-36）

摘要：

对中国近海74个浮标海面风资料进行整合、质量控制，形成了一套高度统一、准确可靠的浮标海面风数据集。结果表明：约80%的浮标风速数据的可疑率在5%以下，浮标海面风资料整体质量较好。基于该数据集对中国近海各浮标不同月份的平均风速和盛行风向分布、不同海域各风向频率及各级风速频率进行分析发现：中国近海1月、4月、7月、10月的平均风速、盛行风向分布有明显差别；8个不同海域的浮标1月偏北风频率较高，7月偏南风频率较高；渤海—台湾海峡北部的风速峰值逐渐增大，台湾海峡南部浮标的风速频率呈现“双峰型”特征，南海南部浮标比南海西北部浮标的风速频率分布稍陡峭，北部湾浮标的风速在4～5 m/s、8～9 m/s的频率最高。

Based on the multi-source integration and quality control of the sea surface wind data of 74 buoys in China’ offshore areas, a set of highly unified, accurate and reliable sea surface wind data is formed. The results show that the suspicious rate of wind speed data is less than 5% in 80% of all buoy stations and the overall quality of buoy surface wind data is good. Based on the data set, the mean wind speed and prevailing wind direction distribution of each buoy in different months, the frequency of each wind direction and wind speed frequency of each level in different sea areas are analyzed. It is found that the mean wind speed and prevailing wind direction distribution in January, April, July and October are significantly different in China’s offshore areas. The frequencies of northerly winds in January and southerly winds in July are high for eight buoys in different sea areas. The peak wind speed increases gradually from the Bohai Sea to the northern Taiwan Strait; The wind speed frequency of the buoy in the southern Taiwan Strait shows a "double peak" characteristic. The wind speed frequency distribution of the buoy in the southern South China Sea is slightly steeper than that in the northwestern South China Sea, and the wind speed frequency of the buoy in the Beibu Gulf peak at ranges of 4～5 m/s and 8～9 m/s.

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