环渤海地区一次特强浓雾的观测分析与数值模拟研究-海洋预报

环渤海地区一次特强浓雾的观测分析与数值模拟研究

单位：1. 天津市海洋气象重点实验室, 天津 300074;
2. 中国气象科学研究院灾害天气国家重点实验室, 北京 100081;
3. 天津市气象科学研究所, 天津 300074;
4. 中国气象局雄安大气边界层重点开放实验室, 河北雄安新区 071700;
5. 天津市滨海新区气象局, 天津 300350;

关键词：环渤海地区大雾天气形势大气边界层结构海表面温度

分类号：P732.2

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2025·42·第四期（60-73）

摘要：

利用大雾多源融合产品数据、欧洲中期天气预报中心ERA5再分析数据集、地面气象观测数据、探空等数据以及天气研究与预报模式（WRF）的数值和试验结果，对2024年1月11—14日发生在环渤海的特强浓雾事件的时空分布、演变特征、环流背景和大气边界层结构进行分析，揭示此次辐射-平流雾的形成机制，突出了渤海的水汽供应和海温下垫面在雾生消过程中的重要作用。结果表明：大雾产生于较稳定的大气环流背景下，低层弱辐合和夜间辐射降温是促进大雾形成的动力学和热力学条件。来自渤海的偏东风低空急流提供了团雾形成和带状雾持续的水汽条件，强逆温层和“上干下湿”的大气边界层结构是海雾持续时间较长的主因。海温敏感性试验进一步表明，较高的海温可能会降低海雾的浓度和持续时间，反之，低海温有助于海雾维持。此外，海温变化亦会通过改变海面蒸发和水汽平流过程间接影响沿岸陆地雾的生消演变。

Using data from the multi-source fog fusion product, the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts（ECMWF） 5th Generation ERA5 reanalysis data, ground meteorological observations, radiosonde data, and the Weather Research and Forecasting（WRF） model, this study analyzes the spatial-temporal distribution, evolution characteristics, circulation background, and atmospheric boundary layer structure of the extreme dense fog event over the Bohai Sea from January 11 to 14, 2024. The results reveal the formation and dissipation mechanism of this radiation-advection fog, emphasizing the crucial role of water vapor supply from the Bohai Sea and the sea surface temperature（SST） in the fog’s formation and maintenance. The fog developed under a relatively stable atmospheric circulation, with weak low-level convergence and nocturnal radiative cooling providing the dynamic and thermodynamic conditions conducive to fog formation. Low-level jet originating from the Bohai Sea supplied water vapor necessary for the formation of fog patches and sustained the banded fog. The strong inversion layer and the "upper dry and lower moist" boundary layer structure were identified as the main factor contributing to the prolonged duration of the fog. Additionally, sensitivity experiments suggest that higher SST tended to reduce fog density and shorten its duration, while lower SST favored the persistence of sea fog. Furthermore, SST also affected the formation and dissipation of coastal land fog through processes of sea surface evaporation and water vapor advection.

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