舟山一次由脉冲风暴引起的下击暴流雷暴大风成因分析-海洋预报

舟山一次由脉冲风暴引起的下击暴流雷暴大风成因分析

单位：1. 舟山市气象局, 浙江舟山 316000;
2. 浙江省气象台, 浙江杭州 310000;
3. 南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心, 中国气象局气溶胶-云-降水重点开放实验室, 江苏南京 210044

分类号：P732

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2025·42·第四期（74-84）

摘要：

利用地面加密自动站逐小时资料、多普勒天气雷达探测资料、FY-4A可见光云图以及ERA5再分析等资料，对2022年7月17日发生在舟山市的一次下击暴流过程进行诊断分析。结果表明：本次过程发生在弱垂直风切变和强热力不稳定环境中，自由对流高度较低，使得宁波—舟山一带出现脉冲风暴；云街代表当地存在弱垂直风切变和一定的水汽条件，对脉冲风暴具有指示意义，脉冲风暴强烈发展引发下击暴流，反射率因子核心从7 km高度快速下降到地面后在舟山岛西侧形成地面辐合线，使得风暴东移加强；降水粒子在下降至900 hPa后蒸发降温，在加强下沉气流的同时，也在地面形成了中心气温低于26℃的冷池，并产生冷池密度流，与单体下沉辐散气流叠加后造成了9～11级的雷暴大风。

Based on the hourly data from automatic weather stations, Doppler weather radar data, FY-4A visible satellite imagery and ERA5 reanalysis data, a downburst thunderstorm event occurred in Zhoushan on 17 July 2022 is analyzed. The results show that this event occurs in weak vertical wind shear and strong thermal instability environment with lower free convection height, resulting in pulse thunderstorm from Ningbo to Zhoushan. The cloud street reveals the existence of weak vertical wind shear and certain water vapor condition in the area suggesting the appearance of pulse thunderstorm. Strong development of the pulse thunderstorm triggers downburst. The reflectivity factor core rapidly descends from a height of 7 km to the ground, and forms a surface convergence line in the western Zhoushan, which strengthens the storm along with the eastward movement. The precipitation particles evaporate after falling to 900 hPa, which causes the air cooling, and a cold pool with central temperature lower than 24 ℃ is formed on the ground, generating density flow in the cold pool. The sinking divergent airflow superimposing the density flow causes thunderstorm gale of grade 9～11.

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