2016年初强寒潮对台湾海峡及其邻近海域影响分析

作者：任在常

单位：福建省海洋预报台, 福建 福州 350003

关键词：寒潮|中路冷空气|台湾海峡及邻近海域|风浪

分类号：P732

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2016·33·第五期（78-88）

摘要：

基于实况天气图分析2016年1月21-26日大规模影响台湾海峡及其邻近海域寒潮的类型、源地以及发展，并通过海上观测浮标的海洋气象资料分析寒潮影响期间的风、浪分布特征，得出以下结论：（1）此次寒潮过程是一次典型的中路冷空气过程，根据浮标监测数据显示，影响福建海域的6级及以上东北大风维持时间最长为66 h，4.0 m及以上灾害性海浪最长维持45 h；（2）台湾海峡普遍出现8-9级阵风和10级的北-东北风。海峡南北气压差最大值达10.3 hPa。由于受到台湾岛地形影响，过程的大风区主要集中的海峡东岸和台湾岛东侧海域，最大风速达21.6 m/s；（3）海峡中北部海域在寒潮影响期间存在明显海浪低值区，大浪区在海峡南部形成伸入海峡的“舌”状结构，受东北大风影响，海峡东岸的浪高明显高于海峡西岸。讨论认为受台湾岛地形影响，寒潮大规模影响期间海峡北部存在风向、浪向切变，且寒潮冷中心进一步南下，导致海峡北部浪高明显减小和海峡南部浪高显著增大。

January 21 to 26, 2016, a strong cold wave arrived in Taiwan Strait and its adjacent sea waters. Based on the weather map, the type, origin and development of the strong cold wave happened in Taiwan Strait and its adjacent sea water from 21 to 26 January, 2016, were analyzed. The distribution characteristics of wind and wave during this process were derived from the data of buoys and numerical prediction product. The results are as follows:(1) the strong cold wave is a typical middle cold air invasion process. The longest time of the strong NE wind higher than 6 grades or more continued unabated for 66 hours; The longest time of the disastrous waves when the wave height reached 4 meters or more continued unabated for 45 hours; (2) N-NW wind 8 to 9 levels, rafale 10 levels appeared constantly in Taiwan Strait and its adjacent sea waters. Gale area of the cold wave mainly concentrated in the east coast of the strait and the east side of Taiwan Island, the maximum wind speed reached 21.6 m/s; (3) The low value regions were observed in the central and north of the area when the cold wave arrived. The large wave area liking tongue appeared in the south of the Taiwan Strait. By the NE wind, the wave height in the east coast of the Strait was significantly higher than that in the west. The reason is that the wind and wave direction has sheared when the strong cold wave arrived by the topography of Taiwan Island. When the cold center went down, the wave height in the north decreased obviously, while the wave height in the south increased distinctly.

参考文献：

[1] 刘金芳, 刘忠, 顾翼炎, 等. 台湾海峡水文要素特征分析[J]. 海洋预报, 2002, 19(3): 22-32. [2] 许福祥. 台湾海峡及其邻近海域灾害性海浪的时空分布[J]. 东海海洋, 1998, 16(3): 14-17. [3] 陈剑桥. 2008年冬季台湾海峡及其邻近海域QuikSCAT卫星遥感风场的检验及应用分析[J]. 台湾海峡, 2011, 30(2): 158-164. [4] 许小勇, 钟太勇. 三次样条插值函数的构造与Matlab实现[J]. 自动测量与控制, 2006, 25(11): 76-78. [5] 朱乾根, 林锦瑞, 寿绍文, 等. 天气学原理和方法[M]. 第3版. 北京: 气象出版社, 2000: 266-294. [6] 郭民权, 邢建勇. 台湾海峡冬季海面风场数值预报的验证与分析[J]. 海洋预报, 2013, 30(3): 32-39. [7] 郑崇伟, 周林. 近10年南海波候特征分析及波浪能研究[J]. 太阳能学报, 2012, 33(8): 1349-1356.

服务与反馈：

【文章下载】【发表评论】【查看评论】【加入收藏】