1614号台风“莫兰蒂”在厦门湾及其周边海域引发风暴潮的数值模拟-海洋预报

1614号台风“莫兰蒂”在厦门湾及其周边海域引发风暴潮的数值模拟

单位：1. 厦门市气象局海峡气象开放实验室, 福建厦门 361012;
2. 天津大学水利工程仿真与安全国家重点实验室, 天津 300072;
3. 天津市气象科学研究所, 天津 300072

分类号：P731.23

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2020·37·第六期（20-30）

摘要：

基于FVCOM风暴潮模式，利用重建的台风风场资料，模拟了1614号台风"莫兰蒂"过程中厦门湾及其附近海域的风暴潮。结果表明：该模式能够较为准确地再现此次台风风暴潮过程。利用模拟结果分析了风场、风生流场和增水高度在台风过程中的特征，结论如下：（1）台风"莫兰蒂"造成闽南沿海大范围的增水。台风风场的时空变化是造成风生流流向和流速发生改变的主要原因。增水大值区分布特征与风生流方向较为一致，当岸线走向与风生流流向近乎垂直时往往容易出现显著增水；（2）平潭、厦门和东山站点风暴潮的余振振幅均大于先兆波动，其中厦门站振幅最强；（3）台风过程中最大增水区主要与台风风场和岸线特征有关，分布在台风东北象限和中心等向岸风长时间作用的区域。最大减水区主要与风场有关，往往出现在离岸风长时间作用的区域。

Based on the FVCOM storm surge model, this paper simulates the storm surge in the Xiamen Bay and its adjacent waters during the typhoon "Moranti" (1614) using the reconstructed typhoon wind field data. The results show that the model can reproduce the storm surge accurately. In addition, the characteristics of the wind field, wind-driven flow and the increased water level during the typhoon process are analyzed using the simulation results. It is found that typhoon "Moranti" caused large-scale water increase along the coast of southern Fujian. The temporal and spatial changes of the typhoon wind field are the main reasons for the changes in the direction and velocity of the wind-driven flow. The distribution characteristics of the increased water areas are consistent with the direction of the wind-driven flow. Significant water increase is likely to occur when the shoreline is nearly perpendicular to the direction of the wind-driven flow. The aftermath amplitudes of the storm surge at Pingtan, Xiamen and Dongshan stations are higher than the precursor fluctuations, and the amplitude at Xiamen station is the strongest. The maximum water increase mainly occurs in the northeast quadrant and the center of typhoon "Moranti" with long time influence of the onshore wind, which is related to the characteristics of typhoon wind field and coastline. The maximum water reduction area is mainly related to the typhoon wind field, and often occurs in the area where the offshore wind acts for a long time.

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