卤水体积和应变率影响下的渤海海冰单轴压缩强度分布-海洋预报

卤水体积和应变率影响下的渤海海冰单轴压缩强度分布

单位：1. 国家海洋环境预报中心, 北京 100081;
2. 辽宁省海洋预警监测中心, 辽宁沈阳 110001;
3. 大连理工大学, 辽宁大连 116024;
4. 营口市海洋预警监测中心, 辽宁营口 115007

分类号：P731.15

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2021·38·第四期（38-44）

摘要：

2018—2021年3个冬季期间在渤海辽东湾鲅鱼圈海域沿岸进行海冰单轴压缩试验。采用典型的柱状结构海冰作为试验对象，试验中加载方向垂直于柱状结构冰晶的轴向，应变率选取区间为4.5×10^-5～7.5×10^-3/s，海冰试样的温度在-3～-33℃之间。每组试验完成后对温度、盐度和密度进行了测量，用于计算每个试验试样的卤水体积。试验结果表明：海冰试样的应变-应力曲线表现出3种典型形式：韧性破坏、单峰值脆性破坏和多峰值脆性破坏。海冰名义压缩强度和卤水体积呈指数关系，应变率影响下的海冰单轴名义压缩强度出现韧性区-过渡区-脆性区的转化过程，在韧性区和脆性区阶段海冰的单轴名义压缩强度和应变率均呈幂函数关系。此外，综合卤水体积和应变率的影响，确定了海冰名义单轴压缩强度在两者共同影响下的变化规律。

Uniaxial compression tests are carried out along the coast of Bayuquan sea area in the Bohai Sea during the winter seasons of 2018 to 2021. Considering the structure of, a typical columnar sea ice is used as the experimental samples in view of the mesostructure characteristics of natural formed ice. In the experiment, the loading direction is perpendicular to the main axis direction of the columnar ice crystal, the range of strain rate is between 4.5×10^-5~7.5×10^-3/s, and the temperature of sea ice samples is between -3~-33℃. The temperature, salinity and density are measured after each experiment to calculate the brine volume of each test sample. The results show that the strain-stress curve of sea ice samples reveals three typical forms, which are ductile failure, brittle failure with single peak and brittle failure with multiple peaks. The compression strength of sea ice has an exponential relationship with the brine volume. The uniaxial compression strength of sea ice under the influence of strain rate shows a transition process from ductile behavior to brittle behavior. The nominal uniaxial compression strength and the strain rate of sea ice in ductile and brittle modes are in a power function relationship. In addition, combining the effects of, the variation of sea ice nominal uniaxial compression strength under the under the combined influence of brine volume and strain rate is confirmed in this paper.

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