东海黑潮温度锋的三维结构特征分析-海洋预报

东海黑潮温度锋的三维结构特征分析

单位：浙江海洋大学海洋科学与技术学院, 浙江舟山 316022

分类号：P731.27

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2022·39·第一期（67-79）

摘要：

结合卫星遥感海表温度、三维再分析温度资料和数值模拟结果，研究了东海黑潮温度锋从海表到底层的三维结构特征。结果表明：东海黑潮海表温度锋在冬季和春季较强，秋季次之，夏季消失。多年平均的东海黑潮海表温度锋区范围主要在70~700 m水深区域，温度锋的中心线与黑潮的流轴大致平行，在济州岛以南的黑潮中段区域有北上的分支。受台湾暖流、黑潮及其分支的共同影响，在200 m以浅区域，东海黑潮温度锋在冬季和春季从海表到海底常年存在，夏季和秋季主要出现在水深50 m以下水层。东海黑潮和底层陆架水形成显著的温度锋，位置在顺着黑潮流向的左侧及下方深度为100~700 m的陆架区域，该区域的温度锋强度比同一位置的海表温度锋的强度大。受黑潮的路径、流幅宽度、深度和速度大小的影响，东海黑潮温度锋在陆架区域的影响深度兼具区域性差异和季节性差异，一般比黑潮流速0.2 m/s的到达深度深200 m左右，甚至可以影响到水深1 000 m左右。

Based on satellite remote sensing sea surface temperature data, three-dimensional reanalysis temperature data and numerical simulation results, the three-dimensional structure characteristics of Kuroshio thermal front in the East China Sea are studied in this paper. The Kuroshio thermal front at the sea surface in winter and spring are stronger than that in autumn and disappears in summer. The annual mean SST front zones mainly located in the area of water depth of 70~700 m. The core line of the thermal front is roughly parallel to the current axis of the Kuroshio with a northward branch in the middle region of the Kuroshio to the south of Jeju Island. The Kuroshio thermal front in the East China Sea is affected by the Taiwan Warm Current, the Kuroshio and its branches. It always exists from the surface to the bottom in winter and spring where the water is shallower than 200 m, while it mainly appears below 50 m in summer and autumn. The Kuroshio and the shelf water in the East China Sea can also form significant thermal front, which is located at the bottom-left side of the Kuroshio on the shelf area with a depth of 100~700 m. The intensity of the thermal front in this area is larger than that of the sea surface thermal front at the same location. Affected by the path, current amplitude, depth and velocity of the Kuroshio, the impact depth of Kuroshio thermal front in the East China Sea reveals both regional and seasonal differences. The front is generally 200 m deeper than the arrival depth of the Kuroshio's velocity of 0.2 m/s, and can even reach the depth of about 1 000 m.

参考文献：

[1] 刘宝银. 利用诺阿卫星红外信息对东海黑潮表层温度锋的解译[J]. 山东海洋学院学报, 1982, 12(3):11-20. Liu B Y. The interpretation on the surface temperature fronts of Kuroshio in the East China Sea using NOAA IR data[J]. Journal of Shandong College of Oceanology, 1982, 12(3):11-20.
[2] 林传兰. 东海黑潮锋的海洋学特征及其与渔场的关系[J]. 海洋学研究, 1986(2):12-20. Lin C L. Oceanographic characteristics of the Kuroshio Front in the East China Sea and the relationship with fisheries[J]. Donghai Marine Science, 1986, 4(2):8-16.
[3] 刘敬武. 东海黑潮区海洋锋的区域气候学效应[D]. 青岛:中国海洋大学, 2010. Liu J W. The regional climate effect of SST front in the vicinity of the Kuroshio in East China Sea[D]. Qingdao:Ocean University of China, 2010.
[4] 张然, 徐海明, 张百超. 东中国海黑潮海洋锋的季节变化特征及其成因[J]. 气象科学, 2016, 36(2):203-211. Zhang R, Xu H M, Zhang B C. Seasonal variation of the SST front in the East China Sea and its causes[J]. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences, 2016, 36(2):203-211.
[5] 汤毓祥. 初论东海黑潮锋的区域性差异[J]. 黄渤海海洋, 1992, 10(3):1-9. Tang Y X. On regional difference of the Kuroshio front in the East China Sea[J]. Journal of Oceanography of Huanghai & Bohai Seas, 1992, 10(3):1-9.
[6] 郭炳火, 万邦君, 汤毓祥. 东海海洋锋的波动及演变特征[J]. 黄渤海海洋, 1995, 13(2):1-10. Guo B H, Wan B J, Tang Y X. Wavelike features and evolution of the Oceanic Fronts in the East China Sea[J]. Journal of Oceanography of Huanghai & Bohai Seas, 1995, 13(2):1-10.
[7] 贾英来, 刘秦玉, 刘伟, 等. 台湾以东黑潮流量的年际变化特征[J]. 海洋与湖沼, 2004, 35(6):507-512. Jia Y L, Liu Q Y, Liu W, et al. The interannual variation of the Kuroshio transport East of Taiwan[J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 2004, 35(6):507-512.
[8] 刘传玉. 中国东部近海温度锋面的分布特征和变化规律[D]. 青岛:中国科学院研究生院(海洋研究所), 2009. Liu C Y. Distribution and variations of the thermal fronts in the eastern China Seas[D]. Qingdao:Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Institute of Oceanology), 2009.
[9] 汤毓祥, 郑义芳. 关于黄、东海海洋锋的研究[J]. 海洋通报, 1990, 9(5):89-96. Tang Y X, Zheng Y F. Research on fronts in East China Sea[J]. Marine Science Bulletin, 1990, 9(5):89-96.
[10] Shibata A. Meander of the Kuroshio along the edge of the continental shelf in the East China Sea[J]. Umi to Sora, 1983, 58(4):113-120.
[11] Sugimoto T, Kimura S, Miyaji K. Meander of the Kuroshio front and current variability in the East China Sea[J]. Journal of the Oceanographical Society of Japan, 1988, 44(3):125-135.
[12] Qiu B, Toda T, Imasato N. On Kuroshio front fluctuations in the East China Sea using satellite and in situ observational data[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans, 1990, 95(C10):18191- 18204.
[13] 任诗鹤, 王辉, 刘娜. 中国近海海洋锋和锋面预报研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2015, 30(5):552-563. Ren S H, Wang H, Liu N. Review of ocean front in Chinese marginal seas and frontal forecasting[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2015, 30(5):552-563.
[14] 郑全安, 袁业立. 切变波动力学研究Ⅰ. 尺度分析与频散关系[J]. 海洋学报, 1988, 10(6):659-665. Zheng Q A, Yuan Y L. Study on shear wave dynamics Ⅰ. Scale analysis and dispersion relationship[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 1988, 10(6):659-665.
[15] 李立, 苏纪兰, 许建平. 南海的黑潮分离流环[J]. 热带海洋学报, 1997, 16(2):42-57. Li L, Su J L, Xu J P. Detached Kuroshio rings in the South China Sea[J]. Tropic Oceanology, 1997, 16(2):42-57.
[16] 郭炳火, 葛人峰. 东海黑潮锋面涡旋在陆架水与黑潮水交换中的作用[J]. 海洋学报, 1997, 19(6):1-11. Guo B H, Ge R F. The role of the East China Sea Kuroshio front vortex in the exchange between shelf water and Kuroshio water[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 1997, 19(6):1-11.
[17] 袁耀初, 苏纪兰. 1995年以来我国对黑潮及琉球海流的研究[J]. 科学通报, 2000, 45(22):2353-2356. Yuan Y C, Su J L. Research on Kuroshio and Ryukyu Current in my country since 1995[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2000, 45(22):2353-2356.
[18] 陈春涛, 刘佳佳. 东海北部黑潮锋面涡的快速生成和消散[J]. 遥感信息, 2010(3):103-107, 128. Chen C T, Liu J J. The generation and evanescence of frontal eddy in the East China Sea[J]. Remote Sensing Information, 2010(3):103-107, 128.
[19] 贾永君. 东海黑潮锋面不稳定过程遥感与数值模拟研究[D]. 青岛:中国科学院研究生院(海洋研究所), 2010. Jia Y J. Remote sensing and numerical simulation of the Kuroshio frontal instability process in the East China Sea[D]. Qingdao:Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Institute of Oceanology), 2010.
[20] 李威, 王琦, 马继瑞, 等. 台湾以东黑潮锋的中尺度过程研究[J]. 海洋通报, 2011, 30(5):518-528. Li W, Wang Q, Ma J R, et al. Study on the meso-scale process of the Kuroshio front to the east of Taiwan[J]. Marine Science Bulletin, 2011, 30(5):518-528.
[21] Donlon C J, Martin M, Stark J, et al. The operational sea surface temperature and sea ice analysis (OSTIA) system[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2012, 116:140-158.
[22] Locarnini R A, Mishonov A V, Antonov J I, et al. World ocean atlas 2013, volume 1:temperature[R]. NOAA Atlas NESDIS 73. Silver Spring:NOAA, 2013:40.
[23] 党振中, 周立佳, 刘建斌, 等. 基于WOA13数据的东海黑潮主轴温度锋特征分析[J]. 海洋技术学报, 2016, 35(4):26-30. Dang Z Z, Zhou L J, Liu J B, et al. Analysis on the characteristics of the Kuroshio temperature front in the East China Sea based on WOA13 data[J]. Journal of Ocean Technology, 2016, 35(4):26-30.
[24] 刘鹏, 张永刚, 刘建斌. 基于WOA13数据的赤道大西洋海区温度锋的时空分布特征分析[J]. 海洋预报, 2017, 34(5):47-57. Liu P, Zhang Y G, Liu J B. Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of temperature front in the equatorial Atlantic based on WOA13 data[J]. Marine Forecasts, 2017, 34(5):47-57.
[25] 于洪华, 苗育田. 东海黑潮锋的特征分析. 黑潮调查研究论文选(三)[M]. 北京:海洋出版社, 1991. Yu H H, Miao Y T. Characteristic analysis of the Kuroshio front in the East China Sea. Selected papers on the Kuroshio survey (3)[M]. Beijing:Ocean Press, 1991.
[26] James C, Wimbush M, Ichikawa H. Kuroshio meanders in the East China Sea[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1999, 29(2):259-272.
[27] Liu Choteng and Pai Suchuan. As Kuroshio turns:(Ⅱ) the oceanic front North of Taiwan[J]. 1987, 18:49-61.
[28] 罗义勇, 吴德星, 林霄沛. 地形对东海黑潮锋面弯曲影响研究[J]. 青岛海洋大学学报, 2001, 31(3):305-312. Luo Y Y, Wu D X, Lin X P. Effects of topography on Kuroshio frontal meanders in the East China Sea[J]. Journal of Ocean University of Qingdao, 2001, 31(3):305-312.
[29] 苏纪兰. 中国近海的环流动力机制研究[J]. 海洋学报, 2001, 23(4):1-16. Su J L. A review of circulation dynamics of the coastal oceans near China[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2001, 23(4):1-16.

服务与反馈：

【文章下载】【发表评论】【查看评论】【加入收藏】