一次海上冷涡引起的强对流过程及海上大风成因分析

作者：吴姗姗1  龚䶮 1  傅娜1  俞宏耀2

单位：1. 舟山市气象局, 浙江 舟山 316000; 2. 宁波市海曙区气象局, 浙江 宁波 315000

关键词：冷涡 大风 动量下传

分类号：P732

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2022·39·第三期（56-65）

摘要：

利用常规观测资料、NCEP再分析资料和雷达资料分析了2020年4月12日一次海上冷涡引起的华东地区强对流天气过程,并重点探讨风力在舟山沿海增强的原因。结果表明:横槽转竖过程中黄海上空的冷涡南压至35°N,发生强对流的华东地区位于冷涡西南方向,T850-T500中心值超过30℃对本次预报具有指示意义。与14时相比,20时水汽、热力和动力条件均维持或增强。强对流系统经过时出现了冷池,气压涌升所形成的雷暴高压和强气压梯度有利于产生地面极端大风。地面极端大风还与动量下传有关,加上海洋的光滑下垫面和岛屿之间的狭管效应,导致风力在舟山地区增强并普遍比浙北内陆大1~2级。

Using conventional observation data, NCEP reanalysis data and radar data, the strong convection weather process over Eastern China caused by a cold vortex at sea on April 12, 2020 is analyzed and the reasons for the wind intensification over the coastal area of Zhoushan are discussed. The results show that the cold vortex is forced to 35°N during the vertical rotation of the horizontal trough over the Yellow Sea, and the Eastern China where strong convection occurs is located to the southwest of the cold vortex. The temperature difference between the center of 850 hPa and 500 hPa exceeds 30℃, which is indicative for the prediction of this process.The water vapor, thermal and dynamical conditions are maintained or enhanced at 20:00 compared to that at 14:00.Cold pools appear when strong convective systems passes through, and the thunderstorm high pressure and strong pressure gradient caused by the air pressure surge is conducive to the generation of extreme gale on the ground.The extreme wind on the ground is also related to the downward momentum transmission, along with the smooth underlying ocean surface and the "narrow tube effect" between the islands, resulting in the wind strengthening in the Zhoushan area that is generally 1~2 magnitude larger than northern Zhejiang.

参考文献：

[1] 朱乾根,林锦瑞,寿绍文,等.天气学原理和方法[M].4版.北京:气象出版社,2007:374.Zhu Q G,Lin J R,Shou S W,et al.Principle and method of synoptic meteorology[M].4th ed.Beijing:Meteorological Press,2007:374. [2] 李江波,王宗敏,王福侠,等.华北冷涡连续降雹的特征与预报[J].高原气象,2011,30(4):1119-1131.Li J B,Wang Z M,Wang F X,et al.Characteristic and forecasting of continuous hail shooting processes caused by the North China cold vortex[J].Plateau Meteorology,2011,30(4):1119-1131. [3] 符娇兰,陈双,沈晓琳,等.两次华北冷涡降水成因及预报偏差对比分析[J].气象,2019,45(5):606-620.Fu J L,Chen S,Shen X L,et al.Comparative study of the cause of rainfall and its forecast biases of two cold vortex rainfall events in North China[J].Meteorological Monthly,2019,45(5):606-620. [4] Zhang C,Zhang Q,Wang Y,et al.Climatology of warm season cold vortices in East Asia:1979-2005[J].Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics,2008,100(1-4):291-301. [5] 张立祥,李泽椿.东北冷涡研究概述[J].气候与环境研究,2009,14(2):218-228.Zhang L X,Li Z C.A summary of research on cold vortex over northeast China[J].Climatic and Environmental Research,2009,14(2):218-228. [6] 许爱华,孙继松,许东蓓,等.中国中东部强对流天气的天气形势分类和基本要素配置特征[J].气象,2014,40(4):400-411.Xu A H,Sun J S,Xu D B,et al.Basic synoptic situation classification and element character of severe convection in China[J].Meteorological Monthly,2014,40(4):400-411. [7] 罗玲,胡亮,何金海,等.东北冷涡背景下浙江省两次强降水过程的对比分析[J].气象与环境学报,2011,27(6):35-42.Luo L,Hu L,He J H,et al.Comparison of two rainstorm processes in Zhejiang province caused by northeast cold vortex[J].Journal of Meteorology and Environment,2011,27(6):35-42. [8] 陈淑琴,黄辉.舟山群岛一次低压大风过程的诊断分析[J].气象,2006,32(1):68-73.Chen S Q,Huang H.Diagnosis of gales caused by depression in Zhoushan islands[J].Meteorological Monthly,2006,32(1):68-73. [9] 徐哲永,王雷,王坚侃.舟山群岛海域一次大风过程的诊断分析[J].海洋预报,2012,29(5):53-58.Xu Z Y,Wang L,Wang J K.Diagnosis analysis of a strong gale in Zhoushan islands[J].Marine Forecasts,2012,29(5):53-58. [10] 俞燎霓,钱惠平,董美莹,等.热带气旋“麦莎”和“韦帕”在浙江产生大风对比分析[J].海洋预报,2013,30(3):40-45.Yu L N,Qian H P,Dong M Y,et al.Comparative analysis of the wind caused by tropical cyclone Matsa and Wihpa in the Zhejiang province[J].Marine Forecasts,2013,30(3):40-45. [11] Hsieh Y P.An investigation of a selected cold vortex over North America[J].Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences,1949,6(6):401-410. [12] 张一平,王新敏,牛淑贞,等.河南省强雷暴地闪活动与雷达回波的关系探析[J].气象,2010,36(2):54-61.Zhang Y P,Wang X M,Niu S Z,et al.Analysis of relationship between cloud-to-ground lightning activities of severe thunderstorm and radar echo in Henan[J].Meteorological Monthly,2010,36(2):54-61. [13] 盛春岩,李建华,范苏丹.地形及下垫面对渤海大风影响的数值研究[J].气象,2014,40(11):1338-1344.Sheng C Y,Li J H,Fan S D.Numerical study of terrain and underlying surface effect on Bohai gale[J].Meteorological Monthly,2014,40(11):1338-1344. [14] 杨仁勇,冯文,许向春,等.琼州海峡大风数值模拟及地形敏感性试验[J].热带气象学报,2011,27(1):95-100.Yang R Y,Feng W,Xu X C,et al.Numerical simulation and terrain sensitivity experiment on gale winds at Qiongzhou Strait[J].Journal of Tropical Meteorology,2011,27(1):95-100. [15] Nieto R,Gimeno L,de La Torre L,et al.Climatological features of cutoff low systems in the Northern Hemisphere[J].Journal of Climate,2005,18(16):3085-3103. [16] 斯公望.暴雨和强对流环流系统[M].北京:气象出版社,1988:1-350.Si G W.Heavy rains and strong convective circulation system[M].Beijing:Meteorological Press,1988:1-350. [17] 许爱华,张瑛,刘献耀.江西“暖区”强对流天气的热力和动力条件诊断分析[J].气象,2001,27(5):30-34.Xu A H,Zhang Y,Liu X Y.Diagnosis of thermal and dynamic conditions of warm area severe convection in Jiangxi province[J].Meteorological Monthly,2001,27(5):30-34. [18] 苏永玲,何立富,巩远发,等.京津冀地区强对流时空分布与天气学特征分析[J].气象,2011,37(2):177-184.Su Y L,He L F,Gong Y F,et al.A study of temporal-spatial distribution and synoptic characteristics of severe convective weather in Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei[J].Meteorological Monthly,2011,37(2):177-184. [19] 俞小鼎,姚秀萍,熊廷南,等.多普勒天气雷达原理与业务应用[M].北京:气象出版社,2006:122-123,169.Yu X D,Yao X P,Xiong T N,et al.Doppler weather radar principle and application[M].Beijing:Meteorological Press,2006:122-123,169. [20] 王雷.两次大风过程的对比分析[J].海洋预报,2006,23(3):36-41.Wang L.The contrasting analysis of strong two wind processes[J].Marine Forecasts,2006,23(3):36-41. [21] 张京英,漆梁波,王庆华.用雷达风廓线产品分析一次暴雨与高低空急流的关系[J].气象,2005,31(12):41-45.Zhang J Y,Qi L B,Wang Q H.Analysis of relationship between heavy rain and Jetstream with radar VWP product[J].Meteorological Monthly,2005,31(12):41-45. [22] 何平,朱小燕,阮征,等.风廓线雷达探测降水过程的初步研究[J].应用气象学报,2009,20(4):465-470.He P,Zhu X Y,Ruan Z,et al.Preliminary study on precipitation process detection using wind profiler radar[J].Journal of Applied Meteorological Science,2009,20(4):465-470.

服务与反馈：

【文章下载】【发表评论】【查看评论】【加入收藏】