2018年春季浙江沿海一次连续海雾过程分析-海洋预报

2018年春季浙江沿海一次连续海雾过程分析

单位：1. 舟山市气象局, 浙江舟山 316021;

2. 91937部队, 浙江舟山 316000;

3. 定海区气象局, 浙江舟山 316000

分类号：P732.1

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2022·39·第六期（74-82）

摘要：

基于卫星云图、天气形势图、海表面温度（SST）和自动气象站观测等数据，利用形势分析和数理统计方法，对2018年3月27日—4月2日浙江沿海一次连续海雾过程的成因和生消特征进行分析，同时通过海上浮标站、海岛站和沿海站的数据对比分析，研究平流型海雾深入陆地的变性情况。结果表明：此次海雾雾区紧贴浙江沿岸，呈条带状分布，具有北强南弱的分布特征，-0.02℃/km的SST梯度线与雾区最东边界的一致性较好，雾季航线应尽量安排在海洋锋暖水一侧。海雾过程为平流冷却雾，季节态的冷海面叠加稳定的弱高压底后部控制，是其形成的气象海洋背景场。来自西北太平洋充足的水汽、稳定的近地面大气层结、海洋锋一侧的冷海面和弱的下沉运动等是此次海雾形成的主要条件。随着站点位置不断深入陆地，站点反映海雾的代表性逐渐变差，表现为日出后海雾消散特征加强、海雾强度和持续时间不断降低以及大雾/浓雾向轻雾转变等特征。沿岸海雾多发生于傍晚—早晨，并具有明显的日变化特征，02—06时为大雾高发期，10—17时海雾消散或减弱现象明显，而海上海雾则可全天存在。

Based on satellite cloud images, synoptic situation charts, sea surface temperature (SST) and automatic weather station observation data, the cause, generation and elimination characteristics of a continuous sea fog process along the coast of Zhejiang from March 27 to April 2, 2018 are analyzed using situation analysis and mathematical statistics. Meanwhile, the variability of advective sea fog deep into land is studied through comparative analysis of data from buoy stations, island stations and coastal stations. The results show that the fog area is distributed in a strip shape close to the coast of Zhejiang with the distribution characteristics of strong north and weak south. The SST gradient line of-0.02 ℃/km is well consistent with the easternmost boundary of the fog area, and the route in the fog season should be arranged on the warm side of the ocean front. The sea fog process is advection cooling fog, and the seasonal cold sea surface and stable weak high pressure are the meteorological ocean background field. Adequate water vapor from the Northwest Pacific, stable near-surface atmospheric stratification, cold sea surface of the ocean front and weak sinking motion are the main conditions for the formation of this heavy fog. As the station goes deep into the land, the representativeness of the station to sea fog gradually becomes worse, such as the dissipation characteristics of sea fog strengthen after sunrise, the intensity and duration continue to decrease, and the characteristics of fog/dense fog change to light fog. Coastal sea fog mostly occurs from evening to next morning with obvious diurnal variation characteristics. The high incidence period of coastal sea fog is from 02: 00 to 06: 00 and the dissipation or weakening phenomenon is obvious from 10:00 to 17:00, while. Sea fog occurred at sea can exist all day.

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