浙江东部海域沉船海难海浪灾害性特征分析-海洋预报

浙江东部海域沉船海难海浪灾害性特征分析

单位：1. 中山大学大气科学学院, 广东珠海 519082;
2. 福建省海洋预报台, 福建福州 350003;
3. 南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海), 广东珠海 519082

分类号：P731.22

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2023·40·第一期（28-38）

摘要：

利用欧洲中期天气预报中心（ECMWF）的再分析数据，分析了2015-2021年发生在浙江东部海域9起沉船海难事故的海浪灾害性特征。结果表明：沉船海难事故的发生往往伴随着波高或波陡的增大，使得船舶的纵摇和垂荡加剧。海难发生时波高比12 h前增大0.5 m以上，或是海难发生 3 h以内波面坡度达到峰值。沉船海难还伴随着风浪向与航向的夹角、风浪向与涌浪向的夹角约为 60°～100°，即船向与某一种浪向接近垂直，使得船舶横摇剧烈。此外，结合一个代表性沉船事故个例进行过程总结，分析了较陡的波面坡度、较大的风浪向和涌浪向夹角产生的原因。

Using the reanalysis data of the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, the disastrous characteristics of waves during nine shipwreck accidents that occurred in the eastern waters of Zhejiang Province from 2015 to 2021 are analyzed in this paper. The results show that the occurrence of shipwreck accidents is often accompanied by the increase of wave height or wave steepness, which intensifies the pitch and heave of the ship. The wave height increases by more than 0.5 m compared with 12 hours ago when the shipwreck occurs, or the wave surface slope reaches its peak within 3 hours after the occurrence of shipwreck. The shipwreck is also accompanied by an angle of about 60° to 100° between the course and the wind wave direction or between the wind wave direction and the swell direction, that is, the ship direction is close to perpendicular to a certain wave direction, which causes the ship to roll violently. In addition, this paper also summarizes the process with a representative case of shipwreck accident, and analyzes the reasons for the steep wave surface slope, and large angle between wind wave direction and swell direction.

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