围头湾海域溢油风险模拟及对周围环境敏感区的影响研究

作者：赵兴1  王宪鑫1  吴亮2  邢成路1  霍然1

单位：1. 中海油能源发展股份有限公司安全环保分公司安全环保工程技术研究院, 天津 300457; 2. 中海石油环保服务(天津)有限公司, 天津 300457

关键词：MIKE21 溢油事故 数值模拟 预测 环境敏感区

分类号：X55

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2023·40·第一期（57-64）

摘要：

基于MIKE21水动力模型对围头湾海域进行潮流数值模拟，对比实测数据来验证模型模拟的潮位、流速及流向的可靠性。基于拉格朗日“油粒子”理论考虑油膜运动过程风化行为，建立了围头湾海域二维溢油扩散模型，模拟预测4个不同条件下油膜扫海面积及油膜对环境敏感区的污染情况。结果表明：溢油事故会对围头湾内环境敏感区均造成严重污染。夏季常风向（最不利风向）条件下油膜抵岸污染严重，72 h残油量高达46.7%，油膜漂移距离短，扫海面积小于60 km2；冬季常风向条件下油膜漂移距离远，扫海面积大于228 km2，但72 h残油量较低，为37.1%。

Based on the MIKE21 hydrodynamic model, a tidal current numerical simulation is carried out in the Weitou Bay area, and the reliability of the simulated tidal level, velocity and direction is verified by comparing the measured data. Based on the Lagrangian "oil particle" theory and considering the weathering processes during the movement of the oil film, a two-dimensional oil spill diffusion model in the Weitou Bay area is established to simulate and predict the sweeping area of oil film and the pollution of oil film to the environmentally sensitive areas under four oil spill scenarios. The results show that the oil spill accidents could cause serious pollution to all environmentally sensitive areas in Weitou Bay. In summer, under normal wind direction (the most unfavorable wind direction), the oil film arrives ashore and the pollution is serious with the residual oil content reaching 46.7% in 72 h, the short drift distance and the sea sweeping area less than 60 km2. In winter, the drift distance is long under the normal wind direction with the sweeping sea area more than 228 km2 and a lower 72 h residual oil volume of 36.1%.

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