1822号台风“山竹”引起的南海北部热异常-海洋预报

1822号台风“山竹”引起的南海北部热异常

单位：1. 广东省地震局, 广东广州 510070;
2. 南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海), 广东珠海 519080

分类号：P731.11

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2023·40·第二期（11-21）

摘要：

1822号台风”山竹”是2018年登陆华南沿海的最强台风，给华南地区带来了强风暴雨等严重灾害。本文采用了欧洲中期天气预报中心海表温度（Sea Surface Temperature，SST）日值产品和中国风云系列卫星的热红外亮温数据，对数据进行均值残差处理、小波分析和相对功率谱（Relative Power Spectrum，RPS）估计，得到台风发展过程的SST变化以及亮温RPS信息。对SST和亮温RSP的综合分析结果表明：台风生成前和活动期间在南海北部引起了SST增温异常和过境后的冷迹，也出现了21 d和16 d特征周期的热辐射异常；异常过程反映了台风与海洋的热交换过程，即热交换开始于台风生成之前，促使台风向南海北部移动，台风过境后大幅度降温；台风产生的热异常集中在南海北部，但主要分布在台风路径南侧的海面范围，这可能与台风过程中的海-陆、海-气热交换密切相关。

Typhoon "Mangkhut" (No. 1822) was the strongest typhoon that landed on the coast of South China in 2018 and caused severe disasters such as heavy storms and rains. In this paper, the daily sea surface temperature (SST) of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts and the thermal infrared brightness temperature data of China's FY-E satellites are processed by using mean residual processing, wavelet analysis and relative power spectrum estimation, and the SST variation and relative power spectrum (RPS) during the typhoon development process are obtained. The results of comprehensive analysis of SST and RPS show that SST is anomaly warm both before the typhoon generates and when the typhoon is active, while the SST decreases after the typhoon passes through the northern South China Sea. Moreover, there shows thermal radiation anomaly with characteristic periods of 21 days and 16 days. The abnormal processes reflect the heat exchange between typhoon and the ocean surface, which starts before the formation of typhoon and promotes typhoon to move to the northern South China Sea. It causes a significant cold drop in temperature after the typhoon passes through. The thermal anomaly caused by the typhoon is concentrated in the northern part of the South China Sea, especially over the sea surface on the south side of the typhoon path, which may be closely related to the sea-land and seaair heat exchange during the typhoon process.

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