2020年海上灾害天气特征分析-海洋预报

2020年海上灾害天气特征分析

单位：国家气象中心, 北京 100081

分类号：P732.4

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2023·40·第三期（56-65）

摘要：

利用中国气象局地面观测资料、卫星遥感监测资料以及ERA5再分析数据等资料，对2020年我国近海海上灾害性天气的主要特征进行了分析。结果表明：2020年，我国近海共发生50次8级以上海上大风过程，其中10月的海上大风日数和过程数均为全年最高；冷空气和温带气旋为2020年我国近海海上大风过程的主要影响系统；我国近海共观测到21次海雾过程，2—3月各海域均有大雾天气出现，9—10月近海为无雾期，各海区均无大雾天气出现； 4月仅黄渤海海域有海雾出现，雾日数仅为2 d，远低于常年平均，这与4月东亚大槽偏强、冷空气活动较常年同期频繁、气海温差为负值且较常年同期偏低、大气边界层季节性逆温消失、湿度偏低等不利条件有关。

The characteristics of China's offshore marine disaster weather in 2020 are analyzed by using the surface observation data of China Meteorological Administration, satellite remote sensing monitoring data and the ERA5 reanalysis data. The results show that: There are 50 gale processes (above 8-grade) in the offshore areas, of which the number of gale days and processes in October is the highest in the whole year; Cold air and extratropical cyclones are the main systems affecting the gale processes in 2020; Totally 21 sea fog processes have been observed in China's offshore areas, and sea fog appears in all the offshore areas of China from February to March, while fog-free period lasts from September to October; In April, there are only two sea-fog days in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea, well below the historical average. This situation likely attributes to the anomalies in the atmospheric state in April 2020, including the more frequently cold air activities associated with stronger East Asian trough, the abnormal negative deviation between air temperature and ocean temperature, the low air humidity, as well as the disappearance of the seasonal inversion layer.

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