不同频次海温强迫对台风“利奇马”模拟的影响-海洋预报

不同频次海温强迫对台风“利奇马”模拟的影响

单位：1. 中国长江三峡集团有限公司科学技术研究院, 北京 101199;
2. 国家海洋环境预报中心自然资源部海洋灾害预报技术重点实验室, 北京 100081

分类号：P731.11

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2024·41·第二期（71-82）

摘要：

基于WRF气象模式,利用不同时间频次的海温强迫场对2019年超强台风“利奇马”个例开展模拟研究。结果表明:不同时间频次海温强迫对台风“利奇马”路径模拟的影响较小,而对台风强度和结构的模拟有较大影响。高频海温强迫场相较于日平均海温场保留了海温与台风相互作用之前的信号,使其在台风路径上的暖涡更暖,导致模拟的台风强度更强,特别是在快速增强阶段与中国气象局台风最佳路径数据更为接近。通过对台风过程中的热力和动力过程分析发现,高频海温强迫场会使更多的水汽进入台风中心,释放凝结潜热,增强台风次级环流。对流增强使得内核区域下沉气流增强,进而加强台风暖心,导致中心气压降低,台风增强;同时,入流的增强使得更多的涡度和角动量向台风中心输送,台风结构紧致,平均切向风增大,台风增强。

Utilizing the sea surface temperature(SST) forcing fields with different time resolution, the super Typhoon "Lekima" is simulated by the Weather Research and Forecasting model. The result shows that, the effect of SST forcing with different time resolution on the track of the typhoon can be ignored, but the effect on the intensity of typhoon is significant. Compared with the daily averaged SST forcing field, the SST forcing with high time resolution contains the signal before the SST-TC interaction which induces one warmer eddy on the track of the typhoon, and finally leads to a stronger typhoon. The simulated track with high time resolution SST is closer to the best track of Typhoon "Lekima" of CMA, especially during rapid intensification phase. Through the analysis of thermodynamic and dynamic processes during Typhoon "Lekima", it is found that:SST forcing field with high time resolution generates increased water vapor into the typhoon center and releases the latent heat of condensation, leading to the enhancement of the secondary circulation. The enhancement of convection makes the downdraft in the core region stronger, then strengthens the warm core, decreases the sea level pressure of the typhoon center, finally leads to the intensification of the typhoon. Meanwhile, the enhancement of inflow makes more vorticity and angular momentum transport to the typhoon center, which leads to compact typhoon structure and increases the mean tangential wind, finally produces a stronger typhoon.

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