山东半岛2023年12月暴雪水汽来源与水汽条件分析-海洋预报

山东半岛2023年12月暴雪水汽来源与水汽条件分析

单位：河南大学濮阳工学院, 河南濮阳 457001

分类号：P458

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2025·42·第一期（98-106）

摘要：

2023年12月15—22日，山东半岛东北部出现极端海效应暴雪，多个气象站点积雪深度突破记录，严重影响了交通出行。利用卫星数据和气象站点数据分析了此次降水的空间分布和时间变化，通过WAM2layers模型追踪了烟台、威海地区降雪的水汽来源并统计了各个水汽源的贡献率，最后利用ERA5数据对暴雪产生的水汽条件进行了分析。结果表明：渤海和黄海西北部区域是主要的水汽来源地，其为烟台、威海地区的降雪贡献了近50%的水汽；高纬度地区南下的强冷空气为水汽传输提供了动力条件，温暖的海面提供了水汽和水汽上升的热力条件，半岛地形抬升加剧了水汽辐合上升；暴雪时段，山东半岛东北部气流有显著异常的下层辐合上层辐散的特征。

From December 15th to 22nd, 2023, an extreme ocean-effect snowstorm occurred in the northwest of Shandong Peninsula, and the snow depth at multiple weather stations has broken records, seriously affecting transportation and travel. The spatial distribution and temporal variation of precipitation are analyzed using satellite data and weather station data. The moisture sources of snowfall in Yantai and Weihai areas are tracked and the contribution rates of each moisture source are calculated using the WAM2layers model. The moisture conditions that cause snowfall are analyzed using ERA5 data. The results show that the Bohai Sea and the northwest part of the Yellow Sea are the main sources of moisture, contributing nearly 50% of the moisture to snowfall in Yantai and Weihai areas. The strong cold air moving southward in high latitude areas provides dynamic conditions for water vapor transport, while the warm sea surface provides thermal conditions for water vapor and its rise. The uplift of the peninsula terrain intensifies the convergence of water vapor. During snowstorm periods, the airflow in the northeast of the peninsula exhibits significant anomalous characteristics of convergence at lower pressure levels and divergence at upper pressure levels.

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