风漂因子在溢油模拟中的影响分析-海洋预报

风漂因子在溢油模拟中的影响分析

单位：1. 浙江海洋大学海洋科学与技术学院, 浙江舟山 316022;
2. 国家海洋环境预报中心自然资源部海洋灾害预报技术重点实验室, 北京 100081;
3. 上海海洋大学海洋科学与生态环境学院, 上海 201306;
4. 武汉大学生命科学学院, 湖北武汉 430072

关键词：风漂因子溢油模型 GNOME模型 NOOFM模型

分类号：P732.1；X55

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2025·42·第二期（99-108）

摘要：

对中国近海“桑吉”轮溢油和地中海黎巴嫩溢油案例进行深入分析，比较了GNOME（General NOAA Operational Modeling Environment）和NOOFM（NMEFC Operational OilspillForecasting Model）两种溢油模型在处理风漂因子方面的差异以及风漂因子对溢油扩散产生的影响。研究结果表明：风漂因子对溢油轨迹的模拟有显著影响，尤其是在风速和风向变化的情况下。在“桑吉”轮溢油案例中，NOOFM模型展现出对中国近海环境下风漂因子的高效处理能力，模拟结果与实际观测接近。在黎巴嫩溢油案例中，NOOFM模型在风的影响下表现出良好的近岸模拟效果，而GNOME模型的溢油形态模拟则更符合卫星观测。研究结果进一步强调了风漂因子在溢油模拟中的重要性，尤其在不同海域环境下需要提高溢油模型对风漂因子反应的准确性和适应性。

This study conducts a detailed analysis of the Sanchi case in China's nearshore waters and the Lebanon case in the Mediterranean, comparing the differences between the GNOME (General NOAA Operational Modeling Environment) and NOOFM (NMEFC Operational Oil Spill Forecasting Model) oil spill models in handling wind drift factors and their varying impacts on oil spill diffusion. The results show that the wind drift factor significantly influences the simulation of oil spill trajectories, especially under changing wind speeds and directions. In the Sanchi case, the NOOFM model demonstrates efficient handling of the wind drift factor in China's nearshore environment, with the simulation results more closely aligning with actual observations. In the Lebanon case, the NOOFM model shows good nearshore simulation performance under the influence of wind, while the GNOME model simulation of oil spill morphology aligns better with satellite observation data. The results further emphasize the importance of wind drift factors in oil spill simulation, especially in improving the accuracy and adaptability of oil spill models to wind drift factors in different marine environments.

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