台湾海峡台风条件下再分析风场的偏差及其对波浪模拟的影响-海洋预报

台湾海峡台风条件下再分析风场的偏差及其对波浪模拟的影响

单位：1. 山东科技大学数学与系统科学学院, 山东青岛 266590;
2. 中国科学院海洋研究所海洋环流与波动重点实验室, 山东青岛 266071;
3. 福建省海洋预报台, 福建福州 350003;
4. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;
5. 青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋动力过程与气

关键词：台湾海峡 ERA5 风速有效波高风场修正

分类号：P731.33

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2026·43·第一期（13-26）

摘要：

台湾海峡区域频繁遭受灾害性海浪影响，准确模拟海浪要素对防灾减灾具有重要意义。研究中选取了 3种广泛使用的再分析风场数据（ERA5、CFSR、CCMP）与浮标实测数据进行对比，结果表明，ERA5再分析风场表现最好，能准确地再现台风风场的时空分布特征，但对大值风速有所低估。针对这一问题，分别构建指数模型、线性模型和合成风场模型来修正大风风速值，发现线性模型能获得较好的风速修正效果。基于此模型，进一步分析了修正后的台风风场及其对海浪模拟的影响，结果表明修正风场能有效改进海浪极值模拟结果偏小的问题。

Taiwan Strait frequently experiences disastrous sea waves, accurately simulating wave parameters is crucial for disaster prevention and mitigation. In this study, three widely used reanalysis wind fields (ERA5, CFSR, CCMP) are selected for comparison with buoy-observed data. The results show that the ERA5 reanalysis wind field performs best, which can accurately represent the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of typhoon wind fields, but with an underestimation of extreme wind speeds. To address this issue, this study uses an index model, a linear model, and a synthetic wind field model to correct the extreme wind speeds. Among these models, the linear model provides the best correction. The corrected typhoon wind field and its impact on wave simulations are further analyzed based on the linear model. It is found that the corrected wind field can effectively mitigate the problem of underestimated wave extremes.

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