台风对中国近海的灾害性影响研究进展-海洋预报

台风对中国近海的灾害性影响研究进展

单位：1. 国家海洋环境预报中心, 北京 100081;
2. 卫星海洋环境监测预警全国重点实验室(国家海洋环境预报中心), 北京 100081;
3. 自然资源部海洋灾害预报技术重点实验室, 北京 100081;
4. 江苏海洋大学, 江苏连云港 222005;
5. 自然资源部第二海洋研究所, 浙江杭州 3

关键词：近海环境台风风暴潮台风浪生态效应

分类号：P444；P731.1

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2026·43·第一期（124-134）

摘要：

系统综述了台风对近海水文和生态过程的多重影响。研究表明：台风可通过风场和气压变化重塑近海温盐结构、改变近海环流结构，引发风暴潮与灾害性海浪过程，其中东海沿岸为风暴潮超警高发区。同时，台风驱动的垂向混合与上升流可导致海表降温，促进营养盐上涌，进而刺激浮游植物生长，诱发赤潮等生态响应，且该效应在近岸浅水区尤为显著。综合来看，台风在近海动力—生态耦合中具有显著的调控作用，但区域差异性与机制复杂性仍有待深入研究。

This study provides a systematic review of the multifaceted effects of typhoons on coastal hydrology and ecological processes. The research demonstrates that typhoons can restructure marine temperature-salinity stratification through wind stress and atmospheric pressure disturbances, markedly altering coastal circulation patterns and triggering storm surges and disastrous waves. Notably, the East China Sea coastal region exhibits particularly high exceedance rates of warning thresholds for these phenomena. Simultaneously, typhoon-driven vertical mixing and upwelling can induce sea surface cooling, enhance nutrient upwelling, and stimulate phytoplankton growth, thereby triggering ecological responses such as harmful algal blooms—a phenomenon particularly pronounced in nearshore shallow waters. Collectively, typhoons play a significant regulatory role in the dynamic-ecological coupling of coastal seas, though regional variability and mechanistic complexity remain to be further investigated.

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